The Two Gentlemen of Verona by William Shakespeare Essay Example for Free

The Two Gentlemen of Verona by William Shakespeare Essay â€Å"Proteus is an early sea-god and one of several deities whom Homer calls the Old Man of the Sea. His name suggests the first, as protogonos is the firstborn. He became the son of Poseidon in the Olympian or of Nereus and Doris, or of Oceanus and a Naiad, and was made the herdsman of Poseidons seals, the great bull seal at the center of the harem. He can foretell the future, and will answer only to someone who is capable of capturing him. And from this word came the adjective protean which means versatile, mutable, and capable of assuming many forms. It has positive connotations of flexibility, versatility and adaptability (www.http%3a//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protean)†.   I was able to watch the play, The Two Gentlemen of Verona by William Shakespeare last November 9. Here, I chose Proteus, who was one of the two gentlemen of Verona, as the character to be analyzed. Primarily, Proteus’ objective was to attend the court as his father Antonio believes that this should be the fate of a young man. However, this objective evolved into something different as the play progressed. Because his presence at the court became the way where he was reunited with his best friend and fell in love with Silvia. This was where all the complications started and gave twists to the lives of the characters in the play. He later was determined to win Silvia, the daughter of the Duke of Milan despite all odds. Proteus changed a lot in terms of his attitude as his affection for Silvia becomes an obsession. Because as Proteus met Silvia, he eventually forgot his lover Julia who was left behind at Verona. He did everything to win her including betraying his long-time friend Valentine who was the true love of Silvia. He became disloyal to Julia and a traitor to his best friend because of his obsession with Silvia. The characters in the play have direct effects on Proteus as the play progressed. For example, Valentine taught him how to be a good friend at the beginning of the play but later, they became rivals as they both fell in love with the same woman. He was trusted by Valentine that he confessed his plan to escape with Julia from the palace of the Duke but then betrayed Valentine by telling the Duke about their plan. This resulted to Valentine being exiled. Julia, Proteus’ lover, taught him what true love is, that she chose to disguise as a page and serve Proteus despite the fact that she was used by Proteus to pursue his interest on Silvia. Up until the end of the play, he showed Proteus what love really means. And Silvia, being so much in love with Valentine, showed Proteus how it is to be loyal to a lover as she managed to keep her trust and faithfulness with Valentine despite all the bad words Proteus told her about her lover. Until the end, Silvia taught Proteus how it is to be a great lover. Proteus as a character in the play did not show any inner conflicts about his desire to woo Silvia because he showed extreme determination to fulfill this. He neglected his love affair with Julia and betrayed his best friend for this objective. He even attempted to force himself to Silvia at the end of the play because he was so desperate. The actor used his body and skills very well to convey the character of Proteus. He stressed innocence through his eyes and voice and showed power and domination through his diction and face. He showed why the name Proteus is so fitted to the character as this name implies â€Å"a sea god who can change his shape at will† (http://www.viennatheatreproject.at/education/teachermaterial/) because he managed to fit his gestures and facial expressions in every scene of the play. SOURCES; The Shakespeare Project. (2004, October). William Shakespeare’s Ttwo Gentlemen of Verona: A Modern Version. Retrieved November 13, 2006 from http://www.viennatheatreproject.at/education/teachermaterial/Teacher_Material_TWO_GENTLEMEN_OF_VERONA.pdf#search=proteus%20%20objective%20on%20the%20play%20two%20men%20of%20verona Proteus (2006, November 7). Retrieved November 13, 2006 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protean

Advertising :: essays papers

Advertising Nowadays, advertising is a very big business. Very often is the major means of competing among firms. Furthermore, supporters of advertising claim that it brings specific benefits for consumers. First off all, they claim that advertising provide information to consumers about the quality or the availability of several products. This is very important for consumers because they do not waste time for searching (search costs). If we suppose, that consumers want to shop at the lowest price shop but, they do not know which is the store with the lowest prices, then they gather information by reading and watching advertisements and TV commercials respectively or by visiting several stores. This action of consumers makes prices to fall, but only if consumers have the appropriate information. Otherwise the prices may rise. Supporters of advertising also claim that advertising may encourage price competition among the firms, if prices feature significantly in the advertisement. In addition to this, by increasing sales through advertising, firms can gain economies of scale, which means that it will help to keep prices down. As we can understand information is very essential for consumers, not only because it lowers the prices, but also because it improves the quality of several products. The problem here is that it is unlikely for all the consumers to have perfect information. This means that the information is either imperfect or asymmetric. Imperfect information, as well as asymmetric information, lowers quality. Advertising may solve this problem in most cases. Consumers can gather information for several products through advertisements and because of this, producers must improve the quality of their products. But why firms advertise so much? As I noted above advertising increases consumer ¡Ã‚ ¦s information. So we can suppose that a firm which advertise much, has high quality products. A very expensive advertising campaign is something like a signal to potential consumers, that the firm believes that its product has good quality. Furthermore the company believes that because of its good quality products, is going to make repeat sales for a long time in order to  ¡Ã‚ §recoup the fixed costs of initial advertising ¡Ã‚ ¨. On the other hand, firms with poor quality products  ¡Ã‚ §that know that consumers will soon discover they have been misled about quality ¡Ã‚ ¨, do not invest much in advertising.

McDonald’s and Hindu Culture Essay

McDonald’s doing global business and their restaurants around the world. By 2003, the company had 30,000 restaurants in 121 countries. In the late 1990s, McDonald’s entered in India. Although India is poor nation, there are 150 to 200 million prosperous middle class population was attracted McDonald’s. However, there are unique challenges for McDonald’s. For thousands of years, India’s Hindu culture has revered the cow and do not eat the meat of the scared cow, also there are some 140 million Muslims in India, and Muslims don’t eat pork. To respect and adapt Indian culture, McDonald’s created an Indian version of burgers which are made from mutton and chicken. All foods are segregated vegetarian and nonvegetarian, due to many Hindus are vegetarians. Issue Statement. In 2001, three Indian businessmen living in Seattle are all vegetarians and two who were Hindus, they sued McDonald’s for â€Å"fraudulently concealing the existence of beef in McDonald’s French fries! Through some argument between Mac and Indian people, finally Mac admitted that it used a â€Å"minuscule† amount of beef extract in the oil. McDonald’s settled the suit for $10 million and issued an apology. However, news blaze abroad, Hindu nationalists onto the streets in Delhi, where they vandalized one McDonald’s restaurant, causing $45,000 of damage; shouted slogans outside of another; picketed the company’s headquarters; and called on India’s prime minister to close McDonald’s 27 stores in the country. McDonald’s Indian franchise holders quickly issued denials that they used oil that contained beef extract, and Hindu extremists submit McDonald’s oil to laboratory tests to see if they could detect beef extract. Problem Analysis and Justification * The main problem of the case is religion issue. Hindu culture has very strong belief because it has remained unbroken and largely unchanged for at least five thousand years. (http://www.atributetohinduism.com/Hindu_Culture.htm#Religion) Used the oil that contained beef extract is very serious matter for Hindus. * The case also involves the Mores of norm. Mores are norms that are seen as central to the functioning of a society and to its social life. (Charles W.L. Hill, 2005) There are many differences between cultures as to what is perceived as mores. In America, eat beef is widely accepted, but for Hindus that violate Divine Mother. * There is different culture between two countries. U.S is more individualism society against Hindu is more collectivism, so they walk together onto the street. * McDonald’s should not give inconstant argument that oil contained beef extract. This will make people un-trust of the company. Conclusions and Recommendations. With above problems analysis, the company should have some solution. Firstly the company must understand how differences in culture affect the practice of the business. McDonald’s knows Hindu do not eat beef and yet they still put beef extract in the oil, the reason may the company didn’t understand the Hindu culture clearly. Furthermore, the company can employ the local citizens to help them do business in particular culture. These factors also give other foreign fast food and retail stores a lesson when they first time entrance India. Actually McDonald’s can avoid Hindu nationalists paraded onto street and damage of the restaurant by block the news, because the company has settled the suit for $10 million, they can asked the court to block the news. For my opinion, McDonald’s not necessary go in very localizing taste. As McDonald’s say nowadays young generation enjoyed the â€Å"American† experience, so this is an advantage of McDonald’s doing American style but McDonald’s must be on continual guard against the particular culture. List of References. Charles W.L. Hill (2005), International Business, 5th edn, McGraw-Hill, New York. David A. & Stephen P (2005), Fundamentals of Human Resource Management, 8th edn, John Wiley & sons, Inc. NJ. Kotler & Armstrong (2004), Principles of marketing, 10th edn, Pearson Education International, New Jersey.

Introduction, Timeline and Advances of Ancient Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia is the general name of a region where multiple ancient civilizations rose and fell and rose again in modern Iraq and Syria, a triangular patch wedged between the Tigris River, the Zagros Mountains, and the Lesser Zab River. The first urban civilization arose in Mesopotamia, the first society of people deliberately living in close proximity to one another, with attendant architectural, social, and economic structures that allowed that to occur more or less peaceably. Mesopotamias timeline is thus a primary example of the way ancient civilizations develop. Key Takeaways: Mesopotamian Timeline Mesopotamia includes the eastern one half of the region known as the Fertile Crescent, in particular, the region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers from Anatolia to where the rivers meet and dump into the Persian Gulf.  Mesopotamian chronologies typically begin with the earliest signs of incipient complexity: from the first cultic centers at 9,000 BCE, through the 6th century BCE with the fall of Babylon.Scholars divide Mesopotamia into northern and southern regions, primarily based on environment but also differences in politics and culture.  Early advances in the Mesopotamian region include cultic centers, urban cities, sophisticated water control, pottery, and writing.   Map of the Region Map of the fertile crescent of Mesopotamia and Egypt and location of first towns. Dorling Kindersley / Getty Images Mesopotamia is the ancient Greek label for the eastern half of the region known as the Fertile Crescent. The western half includes the coastal Mediterranean region known as the Levant, as well as the Nile Valley of Egypt. The technological and religious advances considered Mesopotamian issues diffused throughout the region: and there is some evidence that not all innovations originated in Mesopotamia, but rather were created in the Levant or Nile Valley and spread into Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia proper is best broken into north and south Mesopotamia, in part because the regions have different climates. This division was politically prominent during the Sumer (south) and Akkad (north) periods between about 3000–2000 BCE; and the Babylonian (south) and Assyrian (north) periods between about 2000–1000. However, the histories of the north and south dating back to the sixth millennium BCE are also divergent; and later the northern Assyrian kings did their best to unite with the southern Babylonians. Mesopotamian Timeline Traditionally, the Mesopotamian civilization starts with the Ubaid period of about 4500 BCE and lasts until the fall of Babylon and the beginning of the Persian Empire. Dates after ca 1500 BCE are generally agreed upon; important sites are listed in parentheses after each period. Hassuna / Samarra (6750–6000)Halaf (6000-4500 BCE)Ubaid Period (4500–4000 BCE: Telloh, Ur, Ubaid, Oueili, Eridu, Tepe Gawra, H3 As-Sabiyah)Uruk Period (4000–3000 BCE:  (Brak, Hamoukar, Girsu/Telloh, Umma, Lagash, Eridu, Ur, Hacinebi Tepe, Chogha Mish)Jemdet Nasr (3200–3000 BCE: Uruk)Early Dynastic Period (3000–2350 BCE: Kish, Uruk, Ur, Lagash, Asmar, Mari, Umma, Al-Rawda)Akkadian (2350–2200 BCE: Agade, Sumer, Lagash, Uruk, Titris Hoyuk)Neo-Sumerian (2100–2000 BCE: Ur, Elam, Tappeh Sialk)Old Babylonian and Old Assyrian Periods (2000–1600 BCE: Mari, Ebla Babylon, Isin, Larsa, Assur)Middle Assyrian (1600–1000 BCE: Babylon, Ctesiphon)Neo-Assyrian (1000–605 BCE: Nineveh)Neo-Babylonian (625–539 BCE: Babylon) Mesopotamian Advances The earliest cultic site in the region was at Gobekli Tepe was built 9,000 BCE. Ceramics appeared in Pre-Pottery Neolithic Mesopotamia by 8000 BCE. Permanent mudbrick residential structures were constructed beginning before the Ubaid period at southern sites such as Tell el-Oueili, as well as Ur, Eridu, Telloh, and Ubaid. Clay tokens—a precursor to writing and critical to the development of trade networks in the region—were first used about 7500 BCE. Clay Tokens, Uruk Period, Excavated from Susa, Iran. Louvre Museum (Department of Near Eastern Antiquities). Marie-Lan Nguyen The first villages in Mesopotamia were built in the Neolithic period of around 6,000 BCE, including Catalhoyuk. By 6000–5500, sophisticated water control systems were in effect in southern Mesopotamia, including man-made canals and storage basins for dry-period irrigation, and levees and dikes to defend from flooding. Reed boats sealed with bitumen were used to support trade along the rivers and Red Sea by 5500 BCE. By the 6th millennium, mud-brick temples (ziggurats) were in evidence, in particular at Eridu; and at Tell Brak in northern Mesopotamia, they began appearing at least as early as 4400 BCE. Young Iraqis stand atop ancient ruins in the shadow of a Mesopotamian ziggurat, June 8, 2003 in Borsippa, Iraq. Mario Tama / Getty Images The first urban settlements have been identified at Uruk, about 3900 BCE. Tell Brak became a 320-acre (130-hectare) metropolis by 3500 BCE, and by 3100 Uruk covered nearly 618 ac (250 ha), or about 1 square mile. Also by 3900 BCE at Uruk are mass-produced wheel-thrown pottery, the introduction of writing, and cylinder seals. Assyrian records written in cuneiform have been found and deciphered, allowing us much more information about the political and economic pieces of latter Mesopotamian society. In the north part was the kingdom of Assyria; to the south was the Sumerians and Akkadian in the alluvial plain between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Mesopotamia continued as a definable civilization right through the fall of Babylon (about 1595 BCE). Babylonian clay tablet with Geometrical problems in cuneiform script, from the British Museums collection. Print Collector/Getty Images / Getty Images Ongoing issues plague Mesopotamia, associated with the continuing wars in the region, which has gravely damaged much of the archaeological sites and allowed looting to occur. Mesopotamian Sites Important Mesopotamian sites include: Tell el-Ubaid, Uruk, Ur, Eridu, Tell Brak, Tell el-Oueili, Nineveh, Pasargadae, Babylon, Tepe Gawra, Telloh, Hacinebi Tepe, Khorsabad, Nimrud, H3, As Sabiyah, Failaka, Ugarit, Uluburun Selectd Sources and Further Reading Algaze, Guillermo. Entropic Cities: The Paradox of Urbanism in Ancient Mesopotamia. Current Anthropology 59.1 (2018): 23–54. Print.Bertman, Stephen. 2004. Handbook to Life in Mesopotamia. Oxford University Press, Oxford.McMahon, Augusta. Asia, West | Mesopotamia, Sumer, and Akkad. Encyclopedia of Archaeology. Ed. Pearsall, Deborah M. New York: Academic Press, 2008. 854–65. Print.Nardo, Don, and Robert B. Kebric. The Greenhaven Encyclopedia of Ancient Mesopotamia. Detroit MI: Thomson Gale, 2009. Print.Van de Mieroop, Marc. A History of the Ancient Near East ca. 3000—323 BC. 3rd ed. Chichester UK: Wiley Blackwell, 2015. Print.