Lear and Family Essay - 973 Words

The Importance of Family Family is what defines ones character and identity. Shakespeares tragic play, King Lear, presents a ruling family and how its members relationships affect one another. The crumbling relationship between King Lear and his daughters exemplifies his struggle to maintain his role in his family and his identity within the state. Lear explains that human nature is marked by a desire for more than just the necessities one already has. Lear needs more than the necessities of life not only to survive but to keep his identity. However, Lear mistakes these needs and misidentifies himself based on his titles than what he truly needs: his family. King Lear gives a prime example of how†¦show more content†¦He then becomes lost and confused and falls into a state of insanity. Need is defined as a necessary duty or an obligation. Lear has given his two eldest daughters all that he has, but Goneril and Regan do not fulfill Lears needs as dutiful daughters. Although Lears daughters have all the material possessions that they need, Lear presents them as unnatural hags (276). The state of nature is defined by animalistic themes and insanity within the play. Lear explains that animals need just the bare necessities. By presenting his daughters as unnatural, Lear reinforces that his daughters live with more than the bare necessities. His desire to retire and spend his days with Goneril and Regan do not work out as he plans. Goneril and Regans failure to comply with their obligation as faithful daughters is evidenced by their cruelty towards their father which establishes the fact that he is no longer recognized as the head of the household. Goneril and Regans failure to comply with their obligation as faithful daughters is clearly evident. Lo! ve is heavily inflected by duty, but Goneril and Regans profession of love in the beginning of the play proves to be false. Lear discovers that his necessity to keep his identity is merely a desire to keep his status and recognition in the family. His role as a father diminishes after he divides his lands between his two eldest daughters. Though he is their father, GonerilShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Family In King Lear858 Words   |  4 Pages Family In this paper, I will discuss the importance of family in the story of King Lear, written by the wonderful playwright William Shakespeare. I believe that the message of this book is based upon family. The writer is telling us the true inner workings of a family. In most families, you have those who are loyal until the end such as Kent, Edgar, and Cordelia. However, you also have those who are highly deceitful such as Edmund, Goneril, and Regan. My honest opinion is that Shakespeare explainsRead More The Dysfunctional Family of King Lear Essay1631 Words   |  7 PagesThe Dysfunctional Family of King Lear    In his tragedy King Lear, William Shakespeare presents two families: a family consisting of a father and his three daughters, and a family consisting of a father and his two sons, one of which is a bastard son. While he has the sons basically come out and admit that one of them is good and the other evil, the Bard chooses to have the feelings of the daughters appear more subtlely. At no point in King Lear does Shakespeare come out and blatantly tell hisRead MoreTheme Of Family Dysfunction In King Lear718 Words   |  3 PagesUnfortunate Events King Lear is play about a king who decided to step down from his throne and split his kingdom evenly among his three beautiful daughters. He put them through a test to see who loves him the most to his surprise only one loves him the most out of all three. Gloucester have one illegitimate son and one by law but soon knows that they both want him dead. Throughout the play, not only did King Lear had family problems but other people that was surrounded around King Lear was having problemsRead MoreEssay The Dysfunctional Family of Shakespeares King Lear2578 Words   |  11 PagesThe Dysfunctional Family of King Lear      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the reasons why Shakespeare is so thoroughly read today is because of his ability to portray human nature so accurately through his characters.   Shakespeares play, King Lear shows us that humans are treacherous and selfish.   We can also relate to the play because of the family issues that Shakespeare incorporates throughout the work.   Lears family is definitely a dysfunctional one.   However, the disrupted family unit is the basisRead MoreFamily Ties : William Shakespeare s King Lear1258 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Ties At the heart of the play King Lear by William Shakespeare lies the theme of the relationship between father and child. Lear and Cordelia’s relationship is strong and it is very different than the relationship between Lear, and Cordelia’s sisters, Goneril and Reagan. Lear and Cordelia have different views of what is important in the world, these different views is what ultimately causes their bond to break. The separation of Lear and Cordelia ultimately causes a rift in the play and conflictRead More King Lear - Disruption Of Order In King Lear And The Causes Essay878 Words   |  4 Pages Shakespeares King Lear is a play which shows the consequences of one mans decisions. The audience follows the main character, Lear, as he makes decisions that disrupt order in his Kingdom. When Lear surrenders all his power and land to his daughters as a reward for their demonstration of love towards him, the breakdown on order in evident. Lears first mistake is to divide his Kingdom into three parts. A Kingdom is run best under one ruler as only one decision is made without contradiction. AnotherRead More Essay on Blame in Shakespeares King Lear581 Words   |  3 Pages King Lear is To Blame nbsp; In William Shakespeares play, King Lear, the main character, King Lear, claims to be a man more sinned against than sinning(3.2.60-61). Though a good king, King Lears own actions cause his family and kingdom to fall apart. The sins committed against King Lear are a result of his personal faults of rashness, blindness, and foolishness. nbsp; King Lears hot temper and hasty decisions play a significant role in his fall from grace. His old age has causedRead MoreSamurai : Strict Code Of Samurai1599 Words   |  7 Pages(Dictionary.com) Tragedy in a dramatic sense – a story with the main character dealing with disastrous circumstances which usually affect the every aspect of their life (Dictionary.com) Response 1 In the 1985 film, Ran depicts several themes such as family, power and war. In the prologue of the film, respect and honor is shown by Hidetora’s sons as they listen to him make an announcement in regards to his kingdom and his retirement (Ran). He states he is to maintain his title as Great Lord and liveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s King Lear846 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare s King Lear, families are torn apart and are dysfunctional. Dysfunctional meaning that they don’t interact with each other properly or normally as would be seen in other families. The families are also dysfunctional in the way that they stray from normal social behavior. In the play King Lear ,families are against each other. There are many causes for this, these causes make family members act harshly against each other, and finally their actions leave negative effects on the family as a wholeRead MoreKing Lear And Tuesdays With Morrie1507 Words   |  7 Pagesassociated mutually with the e lderly people. In both texts, King Lear by William Shakespeare and Tuesdays with Morrie by Mitch Albom, one of the main characters in both texts, King Lear and Morrie Schwartz, were experienced to develop intelligence afterwards undergoing suffering and troubles. However, both these men began their investigations in different ways. Morrie infinitely emphasized the worth of community and comfort, meanwhile King Lear drill these as light as a feather pursuits which nothing should

How Are Fungi Microorganisms - 809 Words

Yeasts are one of the most researched microorganisms (Howstuffworks, 2008). They can be used for things such as alcoholic beverages, baking, probiotics, and much more. They are eukaryotic Fungi microorganisms. True yeasts are unicellular and reproduce mainly by budding (The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 2004). Budding is an asymmetric division process of mitosis. Yeasts of the genus Saccharomyces are especially important to alcohol fermentation (The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 2004). In baking, yeast is used to act upon carbohydrates to form carbon dioxide, which is necessary for dough to rise (The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 2004). Yeast has also been used since early times to treat varying ailments for the high content of vitamins in B-complex group that it contains (The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 2004). Yeasts can be found around the world. While on soil and many plant surfaces, they are most abundant in sugary mediums like fruit (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008). Yeasts obtain food from organic matter around them (Howstuffworks, 2008). Because yeasts are anaerobic, they can survive without oxygen (Verghese, 2012). Yeast uses a special process called fermentation. Fermentation is the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms (Lallemand, 2011). Fermentation is an energy yielding process in which nutrients are converted into alcohols and acids that does not require alcohol. The nutrients that areShow MoreRelatedInfection Control1129 Words   |  5 Pages1.1 Identify the differences between Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi and parasites. The common characteristics of bacteria: Bacteria are microscopic single-cell organisms. Different types of bacteria can be identified by their size and shape. Bacteria can multiply outside the body. Most bacteria need moisture, time, warmth and nutrients to survive and multiply. Some bacteria are helpful. Some bacteria produce toxins which cause unpleasant symptoms. Most bacteria can be treated with antibioticsRead MoreScope of Microbiology1359 Words   |  6 Pagesï ¿ ½Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Microbiology is the study of microorganismsï ¿ ½Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Microorganisms, roughly, are living things that are too small to be seen with the naked eyeï ¿ ½Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Microorganisms cannot be distinguished phylogenetically from ï ¿ ½macroorganismsï ¿ ½ (see  variety of microorganisms, below)ï ¿ ½Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Microbiology is more a collection of techniques: aseptic technique, pure culture technique, microscopic observation of whole organisms, etc.ï ¿ ½Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Microbiologists isolate specific, culturable microorganisms from wild populationsRead MoreThe Germ Theory Of Modern Medicine And Vaccines837 Words   |  4 PagesMorgan Brewer Mrs. Canuette H. English III 10 November 2015 The Germ Theory The germ theory is crucial in the development of modern medicine and vaccines. It states that many diseases are caused by the presence of specific microorganisms within the body and that infectious diseases caused by infectious agents. It was a theory developed in the middle 1800’s, by Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, and Joseph Lister. This theory still underlines contemporary bio-medicine. It’s responsible for the reductionRead MoreUnit 265 Causes And Spread Of Infection1143 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Unit 265 Causes and spread of infection. Outcome 1 Understand the causes of infection 1. Identify the difference between bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites? The difference between bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites is: Bacteria Bacteria is a single celled organism, bacteria have evolved to thrive in almost any environment and can be found in almost any substance/surface and also in the human body, only 1% of bacteria is actually harmful. 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Ethical to Double Pay Rates

Queston: Discuss about the Ethical to Double Pay Rates. Answer: Introduction Whether it is ethical or not cut double pays require us to look beyond the action itself and to the aftermath of the implementation of the recommendation. In similar fashion, the decision by the Fair Work Commission to recommend the cutting of double pay on the weekends in Australia raises a myriad of issues. The commission has cited various reasons for this move. First, it would increase the working hours and second, the availability if services during this period. Some employers have lauded this move saying that it is an opportunity for them to hire more employees over the weekend. Regardless, stakeholders in some quarters have expressed that there are certain aspects of the cut the makes it unethical. For instance, it simply means that people whose pay has been cut will have to work more hours, work longer shifts to make up for the lost income. To establish whether or not the move is ethical, various articles that covered a couple of studies were a review. First, the study, Race against Time: Extended hours in Australia that outlines some of the causes and effects of long working hours. It is common knowledge that having people working for longer than the stipulated number of hours places them dangerously at serious harm. Second, Do Workers Feel Entitled to High Wages? Evidence from a Field Experiment, that outlined the relationship between wage changes and reciprocal behavior ie is there a correlation between the changes in wage and the amount of effort an employee puts into work? And if there is, what impact does it have on the employee and is there an ethical linkage to it? Lastly the article Do wage cuts damage work morale? Evidence from a natural field experiment was used to provide more insight into the core issue of this paper by providing input from a slightly different point of view. One of the major effects of long working hour falls into the major categories of health and work safety, and coherence in familial and communal family relations (Peetz et al., 2003). Even more, it is the wish of many employees that they worked for a shorter number of hours. Cutting pay rates is unethical as it leads to overwork that constitutes a reduction in social productive leisure thereby putting restrictions on the amount of time available for being effective in marriage, parenthood and citizenship (Peetz et al., 2003). Further, working for long hours goes in the way of having more time that is essential for revitalizing and recuperating, not forgetting to have more time for involvement in civic and community work and learning new skills (Peetz et al., 2003). The article Race against Time: Extended hours in Australia covers, or rather reports on the issue of prolonged working hours and overwork that was put to test by the use of a workplace survey data. The main concepts that were being investigated are as stated above: Causes and effects of long working hours. Strengths and weaknesses One of the major weaknesses of the concept of long working hours regarded as an unethical consequence of pay cuts is, the notion could be overly misleading in that, there are other aspects that play a huge role in determining the number of hours that employees put into work as Peetz et al., (2003) puts across. It, therefore, weakens the link between, pay cuts and ethics. One of these is there are employees that work the long hours at the rates provided for by the full overtime-agreed rates, thereby employees being the drivers of what is thought to be a scenario driven by the employees. Another factor pushing employees to work longer hours as seen from an in-depth evaluation of the concepts at the center of the article is a failure to working long hours piles pressure on the employees since most tasks are left pending leading to carrying forward work from the previous day. However, the concepts put across by the article play some significant role in establishing whether cutting The Double Pay Rates on the Weekends in Australia contributes to long working hours, a factor that is regarded unethical in some quarters. The study concretely established that long working hours directly resulted in more work-related injuries and rates of illnesses among the employees. Moreover, the study outlined in the article also established the link between long working hours and the impact of their personal lives. Also, in as much as some employees might have some say in the number of hours they could work and the start and finish time of most of their shift, a link is established between the facts leading to working for long hours and the inability to have say on the aforementioned hence justifying the fact that cutting the rates of pay was in fact unethical. The article outlined a few findings that more often than not pointed to the unethical nature of pay cuts. Firstly, long hours, a consequence of pay cuts, leads to increased pressure on the employees, leaving work late, taking work home, feeling work is piling up while they're away Peetz et al., (2003). Secondly, long working hours increased the rate of occurrence of injury and illnesses. Thirdly, the study established that pay cuts generally damages workplace culture between the various personnel in the place of work. changes such as pay cuts are instrumental in reshaping employees' point of views in that, they willingly align themselves with the organizations objectives hence voluntarily work long hours, or do it to compensate for the reduced wages. The other aspect of pay rates that could try to establish whether the action is ethical or not is in relation to the effect that wage changes have on reciprocal behavior i.e. A workers propensity to reciprocate a wage perceived as fair with a commensurate level of effort (Chemin Kurmann 2014). The main concept applied in the article is the Downward Wage Rigidity put forth under the title of partial gift exchange by Solow and fair wage hypothesis by Akerlof (Chemin Kurmann 2014). Further, based on the above concept, the article seeks to relate firms unwillingness to cut wages and linking to reciprocity that is then applied to the core issue of this paper. The idea of ethical considerations before cutting down on the wages is also outlined in the above study. There is need to respect the ethical principle of no breach of promise and beneficence. Primarily, workers were followed for a 12 week period in a bid to estimate the effects of pay cuts and pay increases. Despite the fact that the Australian scenario does not breach the aforementioned principles, no respect is accorded to the affected employees- full-time, part-time and casual- since their input is not considered. Further, no justification whatsoever was given in support to the pay cuts. This, as Chemin and Kurmann (2014) attests is unethical. Moreover, the pay-cuts put workers in an awkward situation, according to the DWR phenomenon: ...resistance to paying reduction comes primarily from employers, not from workers or their representatives, though it is the anticipation of negative employee reactions that makes employers oppose pay cutting. The claim that wage rigidity gives rise to unexploited gains from trade is invalid because a business would lose more money from the adverse effects of cutting pay than it would gain from lower wages and salaries (Chemin Kurmann 2014). Strength and weaknesses The strength of the concept is it puts into consideration ethical factors such as beneficence and breach of promise into the whole idea of reciprocity. Again, the subjects in the study were subjected to large enough wage differences to enable detection of any changes. Further, the study covered had high statistical power due to the heterogeneity of data obtained through varied treatments of employees. More, a majority of those which were regarded as limiting factors methods were put in place to ensure that any inconsistency was eliminated. For example, in a bid to curb unobserved seasonality that occurred during the same period as wage cuts The weaknesses to the concept applied include: chances are there was bias with the identification of the effects of wage fluctuations since these could not be account for with time changes. The study took a longer period, therefore, changes are alterations in the macroeconomic environments and holidays were more than capable of having adverse effe cts on work performances during the period of wage reduction. Additionally, the sample size was relatively small to establish any significant changes whenever there was a wage cut. The findings outlined in the article, Do Workers Feel Entitled to High Wages? Evidence from a Field Experiment, are as follows: firstly, there was a quick adaptation by workers of the fair wage reference to a relatively high level responding to increase in pay, hence positively influencing the amount of effort by the employee in relation to the pay offered. Secondly, there was a generally negative reaction to paying cuts despite the new wages being relatively higher than what was offered in the market at the time. The wage changes basically affects worker reciprocity- where the effort an employee puts at work is directly proportion to their wage as compared to that which is considered fair in relation to their wage reference- therefore, it would be in order to say that the pay cuts during the weekends in Australia would definitely have adverse effects on the employer too. Considering that the decision does not emanate from the employer, it is unethical that the union is making a deci sion that affects a large pool of stakeholders without allowing them to weigh in on the issue. The study is about the effects of wage cuts on employee morale and overall productivity. Ideally, when there is high work morale amongst the employees, they can work with minimal supervision and this leads to an increase in productivity. From the results, wage cuts had a huge effect on the productivity decreasing the overall output by almost 20%. However, the research also found out that high wages did not increase productivity (Kube, Marechal Pupe, 2013). The models used in this research are the model of reciprocity and the model of inequality aversion. The model of equality aversion faces challenges when trying to balance between the maximization of their income as well as the equality in income distributions. By using the standard laboratory exchange game, it is highly likely that a workers payoff can exceed the employers payoff (Kube, Marechal Pupe, 2013). However, exerting costly effort makes workers increase the payoff of the employer thus reducing inequalities. This means that if workers become sufficiently inequality averse, then higher wages will lead to the higher effort while working. It is also true that a workers payoff is always lower than the firms payoff. Therefore, an inequality-averse worker will; choose to use minimal effort in their work irrespective of the actual wages (Kube, Marechal Pupe, 2013). The reciprocity model, model is in line with the explanations from the study. The assumptions of the model are that the workers will always choose minimal effort because costly effort always results in reduced workers payoff while increasing the firms payoff. Both of these are responsible for the decrease in the overall workers utility (Kube, Marechal Pupe, 2013). A pay cut is always considered as an unkind action and a pay increase as a kind action. From the above assumptions, it is therefore highly likely that workers in the reciprocity model will engage with other firms that are more ahead in their pay-offs. Strengths and the weaknesses While the study only uses action-based reciprocity models in the gift-exchange field, additional information needs to be researched on the other models. In addition, the study does not provide the specific effort costs for the workers and perceptions of the output value. This is because output value could be induced or elicited. Further studies are needed to examine the determinants of the emotional state of workers as the study does not provide how wage cuts and increases affect the workers mentally and therefore have an effect on the output. For example, during periods such as recessions, the perception of workers might change as compared to other times. This is because they are likely to understand that wage cuts are necessary for the company to remain operational on weekends and for longer periods. Also, the study does not provide an insight on how the employees deal with managing their negative reactions and fearing for job loss. Furthermore, research should be conducted to show how self-reflection might mitigate the negative effects of wage cuts. The strength of the research used is in the model used; the reciprocity model. The model is essential as it gives information on how wage cuts lead to a reduction in output and productivity while pay rises had no effect on productivity. Also, the research provides the reasons why the reciprocity model was used instead of the inequality aversion model. Debate and analysis of the findings From the article, it can be seen that wage cuts have negative effects on productivity. However, even though wage cuts damage the morale of workers, there was no evidence that an increase in wages leads to an increase in productivity. This is because wages are not tied to employee performance. The results also reveal that the firm is always ahead of the worker in the payoff and nothing that the worker does will change their payoff. In addition, in the reciprocity models, individuals behave independently to the kind or unkind actions on their wages. In this instance, a pay increase is considered as a kind action while a pay cut is considered an unkind action. As pointed out earlier, there are adverse effects on the employer to considering that the decision does not emanate from the employer (Chemin Kurmann 2014). This is the fact that makes the whole pay cut action unethical since the union is making a decision that affects a large pool of stakeholders without allowing them to weigh i n on the issue. Pay cuts also impact on employee morale. This explains the reason why many organizations do not opt for reducing the wages of their employees, a fact that Chemin Kurmann (2014) asserts pointing out if the losses were weighed, all stakeholders would be negatively affected. Work morale is an essential component in employee work rate which has a direct effect on the overall productivity. This is reinforced by the fact that the study found out that productivity increased with an increase in the morale of the employees (Kube, Marechal Pupe, 2013). The contracts of employees reveal the relationships that exist between them and the employers and this explains why a wage cut damages the relationship between the two parties. In conclusion, there are numerous points of view in trying to establish whether the recommendation by the Australian commission to cut pay is ethical or not. As demonstrated by the reviews above. Some of the arising issues that need keen consideration include, the effects the implementation of the recommendation would have and the impact the recommendation would have on work-related aspects such as morale and reciprocity. References Peetz, D., Townsend, K., Russell, B., Houghton, C. (2003). Race against time: Extended hours in Australia. Australian Bulletin of Labour, 29(2), 126. Chemin, M., Kurmann, A. (2014). Do workers feel entitled to high wages? evidence from a field experiment. Mimeo. Kube, S., Marchal, M. A., Puppe, C. (2013). Do wage cuts damage work morale? Evidence from a natural field experiment. Journal of the European Economic Association, 11(4), 853-870.